Shiny Cowbird parasitism of a low quality host: effect of host traits on a parasite’s reproductive success

نویسندگان

  • Andrea A. Astié
  • Juan C. Reboreda
چکیده

The reproductive success of parasitic cowbirds (Molothrus spp.) varies among host species and is influenced by the degree of synchronization in timing of egg laying, the duration of parasite and host incubation periods, and the ability of hosts to incubate and rear parasite young. We studied the reproductive success of Shiny Cowbirds (Molothrus bonariensis) that parasitized the nests of Creamy-bellied Thrushes (Turdus amaurochalinus) in the Monte desert region of Argentina. Shiny Cowbirds frequently parasitized Creamy-bellied Thrush nests (60%), and most cowbirds synchronized egg laying with that of thrushes (79%). Most parasitic eggs (80%) hatched within 1 d of the hatching of the first host egg, and more than 91% of the eggs survived until the end of the incubation. However, only 60% of the cowbird eggs hatched and 52% of young survived. The proportion of Shiny Cowbirds eggs laid in Creamy-bellied Thrush nests that resulted in fledged young was 0.03, including eggs and young lost due to predation or desertion. Despite this low reproductive success, Creamy-bellied Thrushes were heavily parasitized by Shiny Cowbirds in our study area. Shiny Cowbirds may continue to parasitize these thrushes because of diffuse selection or because Shiny Cowbird chicks are more likely to fledge from Creamy-bellied Thrush nests in years or areas with greater food availability when brood reduction does not occur. SINOPSIS. Parasitismo del Tordo Renegrido en un hospedador de baja calidad: efecto de las caracterı́sticas del hospedador sobre el éxito reproductivo del parásito. El éxito reproductivo del los tordos parásitos (Molothrus spp.) vaŕıa entre sus especies hospedadoras y está afectado por el grado de sincronización en el momento de la puesta de huevos, la duración de los peŕıodos de incubación del hospedador y el parásito y la habilidad del hospedador para incubar y criar a los pichones parásitos. Nosotros estudiamos el éxito reproductivo del Tordo Renegrido (Molothrus bonariensis) en nidos del Zorzal Chalchalero (Turdus amaurochalinus) en la región del desierto del Monte de Argentina. El Tordo Renegrido parasita frecuentemente los nidos del Zorzal Chalchalero (60%) y la mayoŕıa de los tordos sincroniza su puesta con la de los zorzales (79%). La mayoŕıa de los huevos parásitos (80%) eclosionan entre 1 dı́a antes y un dı́a después del primer huevo del hospedador y más del 91% de los huevos sobreviven hasta el final de la incubación. Sin embargo, solo el 60% de los huevos de tordo eclosionan y el 52% de los pichones sobreviven. La proporción de huevos de Tordo Renegrido puestos en nidos de Zorzal Chalchalero que resultan en volantones fue 0.03, incluyendo los huevos y los pichones perdidos por depredación o abandono. A pesar de este bajo éxito reproductivo, el Zorzal Chalchalero es intensamente parasitado por el Tordo Renegrido en nuestra área de estudio. Es posible que el Tordo Renegrido continúe parasitando a estos zorzales debido a un proceso de selección difusa o porque los pichones de tordo tienen mayores posibilidades de llegar a volantones en nidos de Zorzal Chalchalero en años o en áreas con mayor disponibilidad de alimento, donde no ocurra reducción de nidada.

برای دانلود رایگان متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Red-crested cardinal defences against shiny cowbird parasitism

Avian brood parasites reduce the reproductive success of the host, which favours the evolution of antiparasitic defences, such as aggression towards parasites or rejection of their eggs. The red-crested cardinal, Paroaria coronata, is a potential good-quality host of the shiny cowbird, Molothrus bonariensis. However, the frequency of cowbird parasitism in cardinal nests is very low and there ar...

متن کامل

Effects of Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis parasitism on different components of House Wren Troglodytes aedon reproductive success

Avian brood parasites, including cuckoos and cowbirds, have multiple negative effects on their hosts. We analysed the effects of Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis parasitism on different components (e.g. egg losses, hatching success, chick survival and nest abandonment) of House Wren Troglodytes aedon reproductive success. We also conducted an experiment to discriminate between two mechanisms...

متن کامل

A generalist brood parasite modifies use of a host in response to reproductive success.

Avian obligate brood parasites, which rely solely on hosts to raise their young, should choose the highest quality hosts to maximize reproductive output. Brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) are extreme host generalists, yet female cowbirds could use information based on past reproductive outcomes to make egg-laying decisions thus minimizing fitness costs associated with parasitizing low-qual...

متن کامل

Reproductive Success and Nestling Growth of the Baywing Parasitized by Screaming and Shiny Cowbirds

—We studied the breeding biology of the Baywing (Agelaioides badius), a shared host of Screaming (Molothrus rufoaxillaris) and Shiny (M. bonariensis) cowbirds. We monitored 193 nests from December 2002 to March 2007 in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Baywings used a wide variety of nesting sites, mainly old nests of furnarids. Their breeding season lasted from late November to February...

متن کامل

Molecular tracking of individual host use in the Shiny Cowbird – a generalist brood parasite

Generalist parasites exploit multiple host species at the population level, but the individual parasite's strategy may be either itself a generalist or a specialist pattern of host species use. Here, we studied the relationship between host availability and host use in the individual parasitism patterns of the Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis, a generalist avian obligate brood parasite that ...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2009